Blockchain Technology Based Credibility Verification in E-Journal Entities

In the industrial era 4.0, it has surpassed increasingly complex technological advances in the information system that required a very high infrastructure and facilities and prevented fraud. Counterfeiting is a procedure following an entity, statistics, or documents (observe forged documents) with plans to deceive. Falsification of extensive information certificates is exacerbated by the current economic situation in Indonesia, which is currently occurring due to the widespread epidemic, namely COVID-19. The spread of the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact and changes in all sectors, especially certificate forgery in Indonesia. The imitation of busy certificates is the main focus of this journal, focusing on journal publications combined with Blockchain technology. The sophistication of blockchain technology as authentication is comparing two or more items or additional tests to ensure the accuracy, correctness, or correctness of the information. This method uses qualitative methods with data sources based on case studies in controlled supervision with the basic concept of cryptography as the basis of analysis. From the decisions made, it is hoped that this will minimize the level of forgery of certificates widely measured during the COVID-19 era. © 2022 IEEE.

Self-Sovereign Identity for Consented and Content-Based Access to Medical Records Using Blockchain

Electronic health records (EHRs) and medical data are classified as personal data in every privacy law, meaning that any related service that includes processing such data must come with full security, confidentiality, privacy, and accountability. Solutions for health data management, as in storing it, sharing and processing it, are emerging quickly and were significantly boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic that created a need to move things online. EHRs make a crucial part of digital identity data, and the same digital identity trends - as in self-sovereign identity powered by decentralized ledger technologies like blockchain, are being researched or implemented in contexts managing digital interactions between health facilities, patients, and health professionals. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution enabling secure exchange of EHRs between different parties powered by a self-sovereign identity (SSI) wallet and decentralized identifiers. We also make use of a consortium IPFS network for off-chain storage and attribute-based encryption (ABE) to ensure data confidentiality and integrity. Through our solution, we grant users full control over their medical data and enable them to securely share it in total confidentiality over secure communication channels between user wallets using encryption. We also use DIDs for better user privacy and limit any possible correlations or identification by using pairwise DIDs. Overall, combining this set of technologies guarantees secure exchange of EHRs, secure storage, and management along with by-design features inherited from the technological stack. © 2023 Marie Tcholakian et al.

Design and development of a mobile application for level monitoring of oxygen cylinders using block chain technology

Due to improvements in information and communication technology and growth of sensor technologies, Internet of Things is now widely used in medical field for optimal resource management and ubiquitous sensing. In hospitals, many IoT devices are linked together via gateways. Importance of gateways in modernization of hospitals cannot be overstated, but their centralized nature exposes them to a variety of security threats, including integrity, certification, and availability. Block chain technology for level monitoring in oxygen cylinders is a scattered record containing the data related to oxygen levels in the cylinder, patient's name, patient's ID number, patient's medical history, and all connected information carried out and distributed among the hospitals (nodes) present in the locality (network). Designing an oxygen level monitoring technique in an oxygen cylinder used as the support system for COVID-19-affected patients is a challenging task. Monitoring the level of oxygen in the cylinders is very important because they are used for saving the lives of the patients suffering from COVID-19. Not only the COVID-19 patients are dependent on this system, but this system will also be helpful for other patients who require oxygen support. The present scenario many COVID-19 hospitalized patients rely upon oxygen supply through oxygen cylinders and manual monitoring of oxygen levels in these cylinders has become a challenging task for the healthcare professionals due to overcrowding. If this level monitoring of oxygen cylinders are automated and developed as a mobile App, it would be of great use to the medical field, saving the lives of the patients who are left unmonitored during this pandemic. This proposal is entitled to develop a system to measure oxygen level using a smartphone App which will send instantaneous values about the level of the oxygen inside the cylinder. Pressure sensors and load cell are fitted to the oxygen cylinders, which will measure the oxygen content inside the cylinder in terms of the pressure and weight. The pressure sensors and load cells are connected to the Arduino board and are programmed to display the actual level of oxygen inside the cylinder in terms of numerical values. A beep sound is generated as an indicator to caution the nurses and attendants of the patients regarding the level of the oxygen inside the cylinder when it is only 15% of the total oxygen level in the cylinder in correlation to the pressure and weight. The signal with respect to the level corresponding to the measured pressure and weight of the cylinder is further transmitted to the monitoring station through Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). Graphical display is used at monitoring end to indicate the level of oxygen inside all oxygen cylinders to facilitate actions like 100% full, 80% full, 60% full, 40% full, 20% full which states that either the oxygen cylinder is in good condition, or requires a replacement of empty cylinders with filled ones in correlation to the pressure and weight being sensed by the sensors. The levels of the oxygen monitored inside the cylinder and other related data can also be stored on a cloud storage which will facilitate the retrieval of the status at any point of time, as when required by the physicians and nurses. These results reported, are valued in monitoring the level of the oxygen cylinder remotely connected to the patients, affected by COVID-19, using a smartphone App. This mobile phone App is an effective tool for investigating the oxygen cylinder level used as a life-support system for COVID-19-affected patients. A virtual model of the partial system is developed using TINKER CAD simulation package. In real time, the sensor data analysis with cloud computing will be deployed to detect and track the level of the oxygen cylinders. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of a Decentralized Web App (D-App) for Covid-19 using AI

A horrifying number of people died because of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was an unexpected threat to food systems, public health, and the workplace. The pandemic has severely disturbed society and there was a serious impediment to the economy. The world went through an unprecedented state of chaos during this period. To avoid anything similar, we can only be cautious. The project aims to develop a web application for the preliminary detection of COVID-19 using Artificial Intelligence(AI). This project would enable faster coordination, secured data storage, and normalized statistics. First, the available chest X-ray datasets were collected and classified as Covid, Non-Covid, and Normal. Then they were trained using various state-of-the-art pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models with the help of Tensor-flow. Further, they were ranked based on their accuracy. The best-performing models were ensembled into a single model to improve the performance. The model with the highest accuracy was transformed into an application programming interface (API) and integrated with the Decentralized application (D-App). The user needs to upload an image of their chest X-ray, and the D-App then suggests if they should take a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for confirmation. © 2022 IEEE.

The Use of Metaverse in the Healthcare Sector: Analysis and Applications

With the use of blockchain, Internet of Things, virtual platform/telecommunications network, artificial intelligence and the fourth industrial revolution, the essential demand for digital transition within the health care settings has increased as an outcome of the 2019 coronavirus illness outbreak and the fourth industrial revolution. The evolution of virtual environments with three-dimensional (3D) spaces and avatars, known as metaverse, has slowly gained acceptance in the field of health care. These environments may be especially useful for patient-facing platforms (such as platforms for telemedicine), functional uses (such as meeting management), digital education (such as modeled medical and surgical learning), treatments and diagnoses. This chapter offers the most recent state-of-the-art metaverse services and applications and a growing problem when it comes to using it in the healthcare sector. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Framing blockchain-integrated digital twins for emergent healthcare management at local and city levels: A proof of concept

It has been witnessed that digital technology has the potential to improve the efficiency of emergent healthcare management in COVID-19, which however has not been widely adopted due to unclear definition and configuration. This research aims to propose a proof of concept of digital twins for emergent healthcare management through configuring the cyber and functional interdependencies of healthcare systems at local and city levels. Critical interdependencies of healthcare systems have been firstly identified at both levels, then the information and associated cyber and functional interdependencies embedded in seven critical hospital information systems (HISs) have been identified and mapped. The proposed conceptual digital twin-based approach has been then developed for information coordination amongst these critical HISs at both local and city levels based on permissioned blockchain to (1) integrate and manage the information from seven critical HISs, and further (2) predict the demands of medical resources according to patient trajectory. A case study has been finally conducted at three hospitals in London during the COVID-19 period, and the results showed that the developed framework of blockchain-integrated digital twins is a promising way to provide more accurate and timely procurement information to decision-makers and can effectively support evidence-based decisions on medical resource allocation in the pandemic. © 2023 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved.

A Comparative Analysis of IoT Protocols for Resource Constraint Devices and Networks

Communication standards and protocols are detrimental to the success of any Internet of Things (IoT) system or application. Selecting a communication standard and a suitable middleware or messaging protocol for IoT connectivity is challenging due to the heterogeneous resource-constrained IoT devices and their messaging requirements. Recently, several messaging/middleware protocols in the IoT field were developed and adopted in the industry. However, to date, there is no specific messaging protocol that can support all messaging use cases and fulfil the overall requirements of IoT systems. Therefore, it is critical to understand the application layer messaging and communication protocols of IoT systems to identify the most appropriate protocol that could fit and be applied in various contexts. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the MQTT, CoAP, and AMQP messaging protocols including their security. © 2022 ACM.

Supply Chain Authentication for Vaccine Passport Using Blockchain

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the creation of vaccination passports as a means of verifying an individual's vaccination status for travel and access to certain services. The validity of immunization records and supply chain procedures, however, are significant issues. The supply chain for vaccination passports has been called for to be made more secure and transparent using blockchain technology. To ensure safe and effective supply chain management, this article suggests a blockchain-based authentication mechanism for vaccination passports. The issuer, the prover, and the verifier will be the system's three key actors. The issuer will be in charge of producing inventory tokens and providing immunization certificates. The prover will verify the authenticity of the vaccination supply chain, and the verifier will ensure that the inventory token is legitimate. The proposed system will enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in the supply chain for vaccination passports, thereby improving the trustworthiness of vaccination records and facilitating safe travel during the pandemic. © 2023 IEEE.

Approach for Blockchain Technology Implementation in Indian Courts for Speedy Disposal of Cases

Blockchain as a technology if implemented judiciously will prove to be effective and efficient for both private as well public sector enterprises. The use cases in Blockchain provide ample demonstration of improvement in the processes. The paper intends to provide insight into the application of Blockchain in the Indian Judiciary System. Some of the benefits as envisaged by the Blockchain implementation are time-efficient, cost-effective, greater security, and transparency resulting enhancement of trust in the overall working of the legal system. India's global counterparts such as Estonia, China, the UK, Ghana, Ukraine, Canada, and Sweden have already integrated the Blockchain into their legal system. The judicial system in India is under tremendous pressure. According to the data from National Judicial Data Grid, 4.7 Crore cases are pending as on May 2022 at different levels of the judiciary, out of which 1.82 Lac cases have been pending for at least 30 years. For many years courts have been following the traditional working system, but during the Covid-19 pandemic, the courts have adopted the e-justice paradigm via online case hearings and video conferencing. Since, the system has already experienced the use of digital platforms, the experimentation if continued post-pandemic will yield a faster and better result. The technological advancements should complement the traditional working systems for the greater benefit of the entire system. The overall objective of the paper is to explore the application of Blockchain that will help improve the efficiency and transparency in operations in the Indian Judicial system. © 2023 IEEE.

Blockchain-based EHR System for Indian Healthcare Industry using Aadhar

In today's world, digital technologies are advancing at a rapid pace. Almost every industry has benefited from this ongoing change. In the health sector, the digitization of medical records was proposed decades ago. Whereas some developed countries have successfully adopted and implemented Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Developing countries like India still heavily rely on paper-based medical records. Although there are a number of systems for electronic medical record management, they have issues related to interoperability, timely access, and storage. Due to poor infrastructure and design, the current systems are not robust for communicating and tracking medical records. The need for a better EHR system was highly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. The two major shortcomings of the existing system are a lack of interoperability, which causes delays in sharing the information, and a lack of standardization, due to which the data quality of the data that is shared suffers. To mitigate these issues, we need a nationwide EHR system. Another issue is the lack of a ubiquitous UPI (Unique Patient Identifier). In a country like India, the second most populated country in the world, Aadhar is the best option for UPI, which can be used for creating a national EHR system. In this paper, we have presented a framework for a standardized, interoperable, and unified EHR system based on blockchain technology with Aadhar as the UPI. Using blockchain as the base of this model provides numerous advantages over a cloud-based system, like decentralization, better security, immutability, and traceability. © 2023 IEEE.

Blockchain Based Trading Mechanism in Microgrid using CHIO Algorithm

Blockchain based microgrid mechanisms can be designed efficiently to provide uninterrupted power supply and to balance load demands dynamically. In this present work, a conceptual design of a microgrid system is proposed in power system modeling. A blockchain based trading mechanism has been implemented on this system. Various optimization algorithms have been used to maximize economic profit. Finally, the Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (CHIO) algorithm is described to accommodate the impression that arises for the optimal power flow (OPF) and energy capacity. A case study has been provided to authenticate the performance of this method. The result expresses that the present scheme can largely improve the power dispatch and trading system. © 2022 IEEE.

Blockchain-based vaccination certificates management

With the explosion of COVID-19 cases and the government's needs to control virus spreading, the development of effective and robust systems for managing vaccination certificates to restrict citizens' activities has been in the centre of many governments. This paper proposes a system that allows for the update of the status of certificates and bases its function on a specific form of logs stored on Blockchains and a set of rules for the interpretation of these logs. Also an outline of a proof of concept implementation of the system in Ethereum together with a cost and security analysis are provided in the paper. The proposed architecture provides several benefits with the most prominent one being the suspension of certificates in case an already vaccinated individual is found positive. In existing certificate management systems a vaccinated individual that is tested positive still holds a valid vaccination certificate during the self-isolation period. This vulnerability allows infected individuals to commute freely and thus facilitates the spread of the pandemic. The proposed solution is not limited to COVID-19 related certificates, but rather it could be deployed in any kind of digital certificate. © 2022 ACM.

Blockchain-based Health Data Sharing for Continuous Disease Surveillance in Smart Environments

The Covid-19 pandemic ushered in multiple paradigms of personal health data sharing with particular emphasis on Person-to-Institution sharing and Institution-toInstitution sharing. While the data aggregated by technology companies and health authorities was instrumental in the development of vaccines and ultimately flattening the curve of infection rates, egregious abuses of privacy occurred. In many instances acceptable guarantees of appropriate utility for the data were not made available. Personal health data sharing for the containment of infections with privacy limitations present a classic case of collaboration among mutually distrustful entities. In this regard the blockchain network and attendant protocols for data integrity, transaction transmission and provenance can prove useful. Thus, in this paper we present a blockchain-based method for disease surveillance in a smart environment where smart contracts are deployed to monitor public locations instead of individuals. The data aggregated is analysed and tagged with a lifetime commensurate with the time for infection. Once the data utility period has elapsed the monitored data are removed from the active surveillance pool and the entities involved can be notified. Such a method of continual surveillance protects privacy by shifting the emphasis from individuals to locations. Experimental data suggests this method is efficient and can be implemented on top of existing disease surveillance strategies for later pandemics. © 2023 IEEE.

A privacy-preserved and user self-governance blockchain-based framework to combat COVID-19 depression in social media

Faced with the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments must protect the well-being of the population. Aside from considerations, such as keeping the virus from spreading and treating patients, the government should also be concerned about the mental health of its citizens during the epidemic. This study aimed to help users who develop depression due to COVID-19 on social media, reduce the cost of counselling, and reduce the need for users to visit the hospital for counselling. This study investigated the opportunities for blockchain technology to provide psychological help to social media users suffering from depression caused by the pandemic. Blockchain-based technology has been used to develop a new model that enables a user autonomy system to allow users to control their own data fully. The model utilizes a delegated proof of stake consensus blockchain to manage depression data to enable low cost and information security while discussing aspects related to trust, privacy, interoperability, and integration with other information communication technologies. The blockchain framework has been proven to provide secure and reliable information management that meets the user requirements for information autonomy. The frame-work can be combined with various other information technologies to extend its functionality further. Author

Blockchain-Based Security Check Framework in the State of the COVID-19 Epidemic

At present, one of the effective ways to deal with the widespread of COVID-19 is to control the source of infection. As the gate of population flow in various places, the security inspection department plays a vital role in screening positive patients in the population;To solve the problems of credibility and lack of human resources, this paper establishes a security check framework based on the blockchain and combines machine learning with the blockchain: the blockchain records the abnormal results of COVID-19 nucleic acid detection and the abnormal conditions detected by the security inspection system (such as no mask, high temperature);Use machine learning to realize mask recognition and other functions. The architecture, data flow, and key elements are presented and discussed. The study findings could solve the security problem under the epidemic and provide relevant enlightenment for the effective combination and application of machine learning and blockchain. © 2022 IEEE.

An Integrated Neutrosophic SNA-MABAC Approach for Blockchain Applicability Evaluation in Sustainable Supply Chains

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia and the turbulent international situation in recent years have seriously disrupted the normal operation of the entire supply chain (SC). As an emerging technology, blockchain is characterized by decentralization, reliability, transparency and traceability, which can be effectively applied to solve social, environmental and economic concerns and achieve sustainability of supply chain. However, whether blockchain is suitable for every function of a sustainable supply chain (SSC), or what function is best suited for the application of a set of blockchain criteria, can be viewed as a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem. This paper presents a combined MCGDM technique utilizing the social network analysis (SNA) and Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC), for selecting an appropriate function of SSCs to implement blockchain technology with Neutrosophic information. The framework gives quantitative consideration to the weight of relevant blockchain criteria and decision makers under high uncertainty. This study can also facilitate the effective allocation of resources and enhance the competitiveness of SSCs in the coordinated planning of various blockchain deployments. © 2022 IEEE.

Internet of Medical Things Enabled by Permissioned Blockchain on Distributed Storage

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has made the world suffer ravaging costs and damage to human lives, perhaps never seen in modern world. Pandemics will keep reviving till such time the humans attain a disease-less world state. Till such realizations are attained, we need to attempt retarding the pandemics by exploiting information systems enabled with new genre IT technologies, and blockchain offers one such way for realization. This paper proposes medical IoT architecture enabled by blockchain and further augmented with distributed storage protocol to retard any such pandemics ahead. The works have been performed on a Multichain permissioned blockchain platform and IPFS protocol. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

D-insta: A Decentralized Image Sharing Platform

Due to the covid-19 pandemic, people have moved toward digitization and using digital technologies in their daily life. For instance, photographers and artists use social media platforms or stock photo websites to showcase their art to people to get recognition and credit. Since social media platforms attract people more than stock photo websites, we consider incorporating the stock photo website features into the social media platforms. Currently, such platforms are running in a centralized fashion where their proprietary algorithms mask most of the content to which some users and advertisement posts are given more priority. Due to the centralization, such hidden algorithms create trust issues among the users along with other issues such as single point of failure, identity theft, etc. This causes genuine artists and photographers to lose their interest and motivation. Providing due credit to the authors and deserved recognition are significant concerns for photographers who share images on stock photo websites or social media platforms. In this paper, we propose a decentralized image-sharing platform/application utilizing blockchain and a distributed file storage system to address all these issues. The proposed platform leverages Ethereum-based smart contracts to maintain trust as deployed smart contracts are immutable, and the logic written in them is publicly available. We leverage a distributed file storage system to solve the blockchain scalability issue in terms of storage. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Modeling of Critical Food Supply Chain Drivers Using DEMATEL Method and Blockchain Technology

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the critical drivers of the food supply chain (FSC) in the Indian context and find cause–effect relationships among the identified drivers using a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-based method. After a review of the literature and discussion with food chain experts, fourteen drivers have been identified for this study. Critical drivers and their causal relationships are explored through the cause-and-effect diagram. Results of this study show that the drivers namely "Shift towards a sustainable food system in India” (D7), "Social requirements on food security and safety” (D13), and "Growing attention towards food SCM amidst pandemic Covid-19” (D1) are the top three critical and influential drivers. It has been observed that limited research studies are done to identify and analyze the FSC drivers specific in the Indian context. Recent advancements in Blockchain technology have paved the path for improving the performance of the food supply chain with appropriate Blockchain technology intervention. Blockchain technology (BT) can be a new driver in the FSCM. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for the implementation of Blockchain technology in the food supply chain. This paper attempts to draw the attention of policymakers to develop a new sound policy with the help of Blockchain technology to ensure food security. © 2023, The Institution of Engineers (India).

Investigation of Healthcare Security Using Blockchain Technology: A review

Telemedicine and telehealth care system show the revolutionary and modern way to deal with the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. However, such systems are facing increased security risks. As a result, healthcare providers and academic institutions must be well-informed, safe, and prepared to respond to any cyber-attack. The aim of this paper is to conduct a review of healthcare information systems together with how security can be provided for such systems. The paper main focus is on the adoption of blockchain technology to support the security of the healthcare system. This adoption has been investigated and assessed to show its benefits compared with other conventional technologies. Finally, a recommendation was pointed out for the security of healthcare with the usage of blockchain technology. © 2022 IEEE.